JK

Python Data Preprocessing: Practice

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Before diving into in-depth data analysis, a crucial step is data preprocessing. This essential process not only ensures better data quality but also significantly improves the efficiency of your analysis. In this guide, I will introduce a range of powerful Python methods for data preprocessing, equipping you with the tools to optimize your data for … Read more

The Science of Apical Dominance: Why Topping is Critical for Hemp Plants?

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In hemp cultivation, “topping” refers to the process of selectively cutting off the upper portion of the plant during its vegetative (growth) phase. This practice holds a central and essential role in plant training, as it encourages horizontal growth and optimizes light utilization, resulting in increased yields. When a plant is topped, the two auxiliary … Read more

Calculating Predicted Values for Each Group in Basic Modeling

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□ The Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE): Step-by-Step Guide using R (with AllInOne Package) In my previous post, I explained how to estimate dependent values from fitting models. Now I’ll explain how to add this predicted value to the original data using R. First, let’s upload data to R. Now, I’ll predict yield using the … Read more

How to calculate responsiveness in response to control using R?

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In my previous post, I explained how to quantify phenotypic plasticity and introduced the concept of ‘responsiveness.’ □ Quantifying Phenotypic Plasticity of Crops I introduced a formula to calculate responsiveness as (Treatment – Control) / Control. Genotype Control Treatment Responsiveness A 100 90 -10.0% B 120 70 -41.7% C 115 90 -21.7% D 95 85 -10.5% … Read more

Creating an Azure SQL Database: A step-by-step guide

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When you use SQL, it’s about managing your data in the database. However, you might also expect that you can access your database from wherever you are. If you use SQL programs, you would primarily achieve the former, but it’s less relevant to the latter. SQL is a powerful language for managing data in a … Read more

Categories SQL

Azure SQL Code: Summary

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Let’s practice Azure SQL codes. The data you can practice can be downloaded below. https://github.com/agronomy4future/raw_data_practice/blob/main/micronutrients.csv If you download the data, first you can upload data to Azure SQL server. The method to upload data to Azure SQL server is explained in the below post. 1) Create database First, let’s create Database to upload external data … Read more

Categories SQL

MySQL Queries: Selecting Specific Columns

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I have created a data table. If you copy and paste the code below into your MySQL window, you can obtain the same data table. □ Select all data column □ Select specific data column □ Select specific data column within specific variable

Categories SQL

Creating Data Tables in MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide

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□ A Step-by-Step Guide to Importing Excel Data into MySQL If you followed my previous post, you can easily create a Data Table when importing external data. In this post, I will introduce how to create a Data Table manually. First, let’s create a database named ‘test_data.’ Within this database, I’ll create a Data Table. … Read more

Categories SQL

A Step-by-Step Guide to Importing Excel Data into MySQL

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[Step 1] Database Setup for Importing Excel Data into MySQL The first step is to create a database for importing external data. The code for this step is as follows: After creating a database, refresh the page to display the newly created database. [Step 2] Setting Up the Table Data In the database you created, … Read more

Categories SQL

A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing MySQL Workbench on Your Computer

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This is the process to install MySQL Workbench on your PC. First, please go to the link and download the latest version of MySQL. https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/ The next page will ask you to log in to your Oracle web account or sign up, or you can choose to skip this step and start the download. The … Read more

Categories SQL

Powdery mildew in hemp

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Powdery mildew in hemp is a common fungal disease that can affect the health and yield of hemp plants. It’s caused by various species of fungi, with Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum being common culprits. Powdery mildew typically appears as white or grayish, powdery spots or patches on the leaves, stems, and even flowers of … Read more

[Crop Note] Soybean harvest (10 Oct 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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The soybean harvesting phase usually commences when the soybean plants have achieved complete maturity, and the beans are primed for collection. The precise timing of the harvest may fluctuate, contingent on variables such as the soybean variety, environmental conditions, and geographical region. Nevertheless, there are common indicators to observe: ■ Pod Color: The first indicator … Read more

Exploring THC and CBD Concentrations in Hemp Plants: A Focus on Female Flowers and Resinous Trichomes

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In hemp plants (Cannabis sativa), the highest concentrations of THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol) are typically found in the female flowers, especially in the resinous trichomes that cover the flowers and leaves. These trichomes produce the cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, as well as other compounds such as terpenes, which contribute to the plant’s aroma … Read more

Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV) in hemp

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Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is a destructive plant virus that primarily affects plants such as sugar beets, tomatoes. It is primarily transmitted by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus), which feeds on plant sap and can carry the virus from infected plants to healthy ones. Symptoms of Beet Curly Top Virus on leaves and plants … Read more

Hemp seed coat is the outer protective layer of a hemp seed

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Hemp (or industrial hemp) is Cannabis sativa which is a member of the Cannabaceae family. Actually, Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are two of the primary subspecies or varieties of the Cannabis plant, each with its own set of characteristics. It’s important to note that while hemp is a variety of Cannabis sativa, not all … Read more

How to customize the title format in facet_wrap()?

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By following my previous post, you can understand how to obtain the figure below. If you copy and paste the code above into your R console, you can obtain the same figure as shown above. Now, I’d like to change the title format by removing the title border. Next, I’d like to draw a line … Read more

Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 2: Calculating the Coefficient of Determination Manually)

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□ Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 1: Calculating the Regression Equation Manually) In the previous post, we explained how to manually calculate the regression equation in multiple linear regression analysis. Now, in this post, I will explain how to calculate the coefficient of determination (R2) in multiple linear regression analysis. No. Yield (yi) Time … Read more

Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 1: Calculating the Regression Equation Manually)

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In my previous posts, I explained the simple linear regression model as five categories. I recommend reading the following posts first. □ Simple linear regression (1/5)- correlation and covariance□ Simple linear regression (2/5)- slope and intercept of linear regression model□ Simple linear regression (3/5)- standard error of slope and intercept□ Simple linear regression (4/5)- t … Read more

[Crop Note] current corn stage, R6 (12 Sep 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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Now, corn is progressing toward maturity, currently at the R6 stage, known as Physiological Maturity. This marks the final stage of kernel development, and the corn growth stages are indicated as follows: [Note 1] Corn growth stageR1 – Silking Stage:This stage marks the beginning of reproductive growth. The tassel at the top of the corn … Read more

Solar Farm 2.0 SCAPES Crops Research

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This is one of the research projects called ‘Agrivoltaic’ in which I’m currently involved. Ideally, ground-level solar panels help keep the soil moist, while also keeping the crops cool during the day and warm at night. In turn, the plants assist the panels in transferring water from the soil into the atmosphere. The plants keep … Read more

Soybean growth stage: R6 (full seed)

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When pods contain green seeds that fills the pod at one of the four uppermost nodes on the main stem, it is usually called R6 (full seed). At R6 (full seed), seeds reach their maximum size in one or more pods on at least one of the four uppermost nodes. By mid-R6 (~R6.5), approximately 80% … Read more

[Crop Note] current soybean stage (12 Sep 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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Agronomy note □ Sowing date: 2023/05/18 □ V4: 2023/6/28 □ Flowering: 2023/08/01 □ R6: 2023/09/12 Three weeks ago, there was an insect problem on soybean leaves caused by Japanese beetles. After flowering, applying insecticide may not be advisable, and therefore I expressed my objection to such applications among several groups sharing the same field. Unless … Read more

Combining Multiple Excel Files into One Using RDBMerge

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When you need to consolidate specific data from dozens of Excel files into a single dataset, manually opening and copying from each file (Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V) not only takes a lot of time but also increases the risk of data errors due to momentary lapses in concentration. To address these issues, I … Read more

Understanding Source-Sink Dynamics in Wheat

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Wheat is generally known as sink-limitation during the grain-filling period. First, let’s explore the definition of source-sink limitation. The source-sink relationship and the regulation of carbon allocation are determining factors in crop yield. The growth of crops can be restricted by the assimilate availability in specific crop organs or by the ability of those organs … Read more