Stories about crops and statistics (plus coding)
JK SAS Studio is a web version of the SAS program, and it can be used for free. As my current license for the statistical program I’ve been using is about to expire, I was searching for alternatives. Upon discovering SAS Studio, I decided to give it a try. Although I have never used SAS before, … Read more
I will randomly create a piece of data and then proceed to plot a line graph with points for this data. I have differentiated point colors and shapes based on the variable “Genotype”. In the above code, the value geom_point(size=5) sets the point size to 5 for both GenotypeA and GenotypeB. However, I would like … Read more
□ Exploring Data Management in ACCESS: Uploading Data to the Database In the previous post, I introduced how to upload Excel files to ACCESS. Now, let’s explore how to upload multiple Excel files to ACCESS and merge them into one dataset. Let’s say you have uploaded 5 Excel files to ACCESS, as shown in the … Read more
Today, I will introduce a method for converting an Excel file into an R file. I have placed an Excel file in a folder named ‘DataBase’ on the desktop. This file contains wheat grain size data, with 96,320 rows and a size of approximately 15MB. When an Excel file is large, you may experience performance … Read more
When using ggplot() to create multiple graphs, there are times when you might want to add separate lines to the graphs. Today, I’ll be posting about how to draw additional lines on graphs. Let’s start by generating a simple piece of data. Next, I will proceed to draw a regression graph for this data. 1) … Read more
Today, I’ll try to explain factorial experiments in the simplest way. When you apply multiple different factors simultaneously to derive experimental results, it’s called factorial experiments. The different treatments within the experiment are referred to as ‘factorials.’ In other words, a factorial is a combination of factors. [Note 1] A factorial experiment is a research … Read more
I will introduce how to perform a Two-Way ANOVA analysis using SAS Studio. Here is the data that you have available: Upload this Excel file to SAS Studio. After uploading the Excel file to SAS Studio, create a data table named “EXP1” in My Libraries. Then, click on the EXP1 data table. Then, select the … Read more
Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an individual organism, in this case, a plant, to display varying phenotypic traits or characteristics in response to different environmental conditions. These traits can include physical features, physiological processes, and behaviors. Phenotypic plasticity is a crucial adaptive mechanism that allows organisms to optimize their survival and reproduction in … Read more
The primary purpose of our experiment is to validate hypotheses regarding the population of the subjects under study. As a result, the experimenter must determine whether to accept or reject these hypotheses based on the experiment’s results. In this context, the method of statistical analysis will vary depending on whether the sample data follows a … Read more
In my previous post, I introduced how to partition graphs using facet_wrap(). Today, I’ll introduce facet_grid(). □ Graph Partitioning Using facet_wrap() in R Studio Actually, the function is the same, but there are very subtle differences between facet_wrap() and facet_grid(). Today, I’ll explain this. Let’s upload one data. I measured chlorophyll contents in leaves for … Read more
I am currently working with sorghum in the field, and I’m documenting its growth stages over time. Stage 0) Emergence □ Sowing date: 2023/05/18□ Emergence: 2023/05/30 As the young sorghum plant pierces the soil’s surface, its initial growth phase is typically gradual. Several factors determine the duration between sowing the seed and its emergence, including … Read more
Around 24 to 26 days after silking, the milky inner fluid (the starchy liquid) within kernels attains a dough-like consistency. At this stage, kernels contain approximately 70% moisture and achieve about 30 to 50% of their mature dry weight. Four embryonic leaves also form during this phase. Once the kernels reach the dough stage, the … Read more
After conducting fieldwork and measuring N2O gas emissions, I stopped by a cafeteria called Espresso Royale Krannert View. This cafeteria is located on campus and is an easy spot to grab a coffee to go. I saw a panel advertising Nitro-Charged Cold Brew Coffee, and it was particularly interesting because I had just finished measuring … Read more
In my previous post, I discussed nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in crop fields. Today, I’ll explain how to convert nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions from ppm to kg ha-1. □ Investigating Patterns of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Corn Agriculture If you measure N2O (ppm) using a ‘Gasmet,’ a portable gas analyzer (https://www.gasmet.com/products/category/portable-gas-analyzers/), you’ll ultimately obtain CO2 … Read more
얼마전 이사를 하였습니다. 어바나-샴페인에 6월 중순에 와서 sublet 으로 두달을 다른 곳에서 거주 했었습니다. 어바나-샴페인의 대부분 렌트 회사의 계약일은 8월 중순이기 때문에 6월달에 바로 집을 계약할수가 없었습니다. 대신 현지에서 괜찮은 집과 동네를 퇴근하면서 둘러볼수 있는 기회를 가졌습니다. 여러 가지 상황들을 다 고려하다가 저는 Urbana 에 있는 Yugo 라는 아파트 로 이사를 하기로 했습니다. https://yugo.com/en-us/global/united-states-of-america/urbana-il/yugo-urbana-illinois 이곳은 … Read more
When we create time series graphs in R, it is sometimes necessary to display both dates and numbers on the x-axis. This is because when the x-axis is set to show dates only, it can be challenging to add text or other elements directly onto the graph. However, by using both dates and numbers on … Read more
The current corn growing stage in Champaign areas is R3, called the milky stage. After 18 – 20 days from the R1 stage, the kernels become mostly yellow and contain “milky” white fluid (i.e., starch accumulates). However, the moisture content of the kernel at R3 is around 80%. Starch accumulation continuously occurs in the endosperm, … Read more
Carbon is one of the most abundant and widely distributed elements in nature. In fact, it ranks as the fourth most abundant element in the universe, following Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), and Oxygen (O). Carbon exists in a gaseous state at high temperatures and, when burned in the air, it combines with oxygen to form … Read more
“슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101” 은 제가 초기 정착 때 경험한 것들을 시간별로 정리해서 새롭게 오시는 분들에게 필요한 정보를 공유하는 것을 목적으로 하는 프로젝트 입니다. 목차1. 한국에서 어바나-샴페인 (Urbana-Champaign) 가는 방법2. 어바나-샴페인에서 집 구하기 가이드3. 일리노이 주 운전면허 필기시험 기출문제 한국어 번역: 이것만 보고 가시면 무조건 필기 합격!!4. 일리노이주 운전면허 신청 방법5. UIUC 학생증/교직원 카드 신청하기6. … Read more
Currently, I am involved in hemp seed production, specifically focusing on open-pollinated seed production. We have selected certain plots for donor pollens, and apart from these, I am diligently removing all male plants. Concurrently, I am studying hemp, a subject I hadn’t previously encountered. Earlier, I uploaded a post about how to distinguish between male … Read more
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agriculture primarily come from the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification in the soil, and they’re strongly influenced by nitrogen management practices, particularly the use of nitrogen fertilizers. □ Why Crops Cannot Directly Utilize Atmospheric Nitrogen (feat. Nitrogen Cycling in Soil)? ■ Nitrification: The microbial process in which ammonium (NH4+), … Read more
Today I visited another corn field in Champaign, Illinois to collect gas samples. The corn growing stage is mostly in R1 stage, but I saw some corns reached to R2 stage. After R1 (silking) stage, the period to determine kernel number has gone, and new period is here. It’s kernel weight. Approximately 12 days after … Read more
Now, the current growing stage is R1, and most of the fertilization is finished. Silks change color and become brown. Silks begin to elongate around the V12 stage. It starts from the ovules near the base of the corn cob and then develops sequentially from the base to the top. Silking of the tip ovules … Read more
□ How to use Google Colab for Python (power tool to analyze data)? Last time, I introduced how to mount your Google Drive in Google Colab. This time, I will explain how to set a folder path in Google Colab. First, let’s establish the connection between Google Colab and your Google Drive. The code is … Read more
“슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101” 은 제가 초기 정착 때 경험한 것들을 시간별로 정리해서 새롭게 오시는 분들에게 필요한 정보를 공유하는 것을 목적으로 하는 프로젝트 입니다. 목차1. 한국에서 어바나-샴페인 (Urbana-Champaign) 가는 방법2. 어바나-샴페인에서 집 구하기 가이드3. 일리노이 주 운전면허 필기시험 기출문제 한국어 번역: 이것만 보고 가시면 무조건 필기 합격!!4. 일리노이주 운전면허 신청 방법5. UIUC 학생증/교직원 카드 신청하기6. … Read more
“슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101” 은 제가 초기 정착 때 경험한 것들을 시간별로 정리해서 새롭게 오시는 분들에게 필요한 정보를 공유하는 것을 목적으로 하는 프로젝트 입니다. 목차1. 한국에서 어바나-샴페인 (Urbana-Champaign) 가는 방법2. 어바나-샴페인에서 집 구하기 가이드3. 일리노이 주 운전면허 필기시험 기출문제 한국어 번역: 이것만 보고 가시면 무조건 필기 합격!!4. 일리노이주 운전면허 신청 방법5. UIUC 학생증/교직원 카드 신청하기6. … Read more
On this very hot day, I took part in sampling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a corn field. The corn plants are currently in a growth stage between V11 and V12. Today marks 68 days since the planting date. Typically, after 6 weeks from emergence, corn is known to be in the V12 stage. However, … Read more
All of a sudden, heavy rain and a thunderstorm occurred. It has been raining for two consecutive days in the Champaign area, starting from yesterday.
Today I went to soybean field. I’m not familiar with soybean, and now I’m studying soybean physiology When the third node is formed, the first trifoliate leaflets extend, and this stage is called the V1 stage. When the second trifoliate leaf is established, it enters the V2 stage. Therefore, the current soybean growing stage is … Read more
Today, I visited another cornfield near Champaign, IL. The current growing stage is between V10-V11. Every time I go to a cornfield, it’s my interest to identify the V5 leaf. found one corn plant near V8 and dissected it to see nodule formation. This is an interesting activity. We conducted gas sampling. This gadget can … Read more