Stories about crops and statistics (plus coding)
In hemp cultivation, “topping” refers to the process of selectively cutting off the upper portion of the plant during its vegetative (growth) phase. This practice holds a central and essential role in plant training, as it encourages horizontal growth and optimizes light utilization, resulting in increased yields. When a plant is topped, the two auxiliary … Read more
□ The Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE): Step-by-Step Guide using R (with AllInOne Package) In my previous post, I explained how to estimate dependent values from fitting models. Now I’ll explain how to add this predicted value to the original data using R. First, let’s upload data to R. Now, I’ll predict yield using the … Read more
In my previous post, I explained how to quantify phenotypic plasticity and introduced the concept of ‘responsiveness.’ □ Quantifying Phenotypic Plasticity of Crops I introduced a formula to calculate responsiveness as (Treatment – Control) / Control. Genotype Control Treatment Responsiveness A 100 90 -10.0% B 120 70 -41.7% C 115 90 -21.7% D 95 85 -10.5% … Read more
When you use SQL, it’s about managing your data in the database. However, you might also expect that you can access your database from wherever you are. If you use SQL programs, you would primarily achieve the former, but it’s less relevant to the latter. SQL is a powerful language for managing data in a … Read more
Let’s practice Azure SQL codes. The data you can practice can be downloaded below. https://github.com/agronomy4future/raw_data_practice/blob/main/micronutrients.csv If you download the data, first you can upload data to Azure SQL server. The method to upload data to Azure SQL server is explained in the below post. 1) Create database First, let’s create Database to upload external data … Read more
In the early stages of growth, hemp plants tend to exhibit a pattern of stacked leaves, both horizontally and vertically. This growth pattern is characterized by leaves arranged in pairs at regular intervals along the stem, and as the plant grows, these pairs of leaves may be found at different vertical levels on the stem. … Read more
I have created a data table. If you copy and paste the code below into your MySQL window, you can obtain the same data table. □ Select all data column □ Select specific data column □ Select specific data column within specific variable
© 2022 – 2023 https://agronomy4future.com
□ Creating Data Tables in MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide If you followed my previous post, you can manually create a Data Table. If you copy and paste the code below into your MySQL window and then run it with Ctrl+Shift+Enter, you will see the below data table. ■ How to calculate new values? Now, I’d … Read more
□ A Step-by-Step Guide to Importing Excel Data into MySQL If you followed my previous post, you can easily create a Data Table when importing external data. In this post, I will introduce how to create a Data Table manually. First, let’s create a database named ‘test_data.’ Within this database, I’ll create a Data Table. … Read more
[Step 1] Database Setup for Importing Excel Data into MySQL The first step is to create a database for importing external data. The code for this step is as follows: After creating a database, refresh the page to display the newly created database. [Step 2] Setting Up the Table Data In the database you created, … Read more
This is the process to install MySQL Workbench on your PC. First, please go to the link and download the latest version of MySQL. https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/ The next page will ask you to log in to your Oracle web account or sign up, or you can choose to skip this step and start the download. The … Read more
Powdery mildew in hemp is a common fungal disease that can affect the health and yield of hemp plants. It’s caused by various species of fungi, with Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum being common culprits. Powdery mildew typically appears as white or grayish, powdery spots or patches on the leaves, stems, and even flowers of … Read more
The soybean harvesting phase usually commences when the soybean plants have achieved complete maturity, and the beans are primed for collection. The precise timing of the harvest may fluctuate, contingent on variables such as the soybean variety, environmental conditions, and geographical region. Nevertheless, there are common indicators to observe: ■ Pod Color: The first indicator … Read more
In hemp plants (Cannabis sativa), the highest concentrations of THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol) are typically found in the female flowers, especially in the resinous trichomes that cover the flowers and leaves. These trichomes produce the cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, as well as other compounds such as terpenes, which contribute to the plant’s aroma … Read more
Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is a destructive plant virus that primarily affects plants such as sugar beets, tomatoes. It is primarily transmitted by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus), which feeds on plant sap and can carry the virus from infected plants to healthy ones. Symptoms of Beet Curly Top Virus on leaves and plants … Read more
Hemp (or industrial hemp) is Cannabis sativa which is a member of the Cannabaceae family. Actually, Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are two of the primary subspecies or varieties of the Cannabis plant, each with its own set of characteristics. It’s important to note that while hemp is a variety of Cannabis sativa, not all … Read more
© 2022 – 2023 https://agronomy4future.com
By following my previous post, you can understand how to obtain the figure below. If you copy and paste the code above into your R console, you can obtain the same figure as shown above. Now, I’d like to change the title format by removing the title border. Next, I’d like to draw a line … Read more
□ Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 1: Calculating the Regression Equation Manually) In the previous post, we explained how to manually calculate the regression equation in multiple linear regression analysis. Now, in this post, I will explain how to calculate the coefficient of determination (R2) in multiple linear regression analysis. No. Yield (yi) Time … Read more
In my previous posts, I explained the simple linear regression model as five categories. I recommend reading the following posts first. □ Simple linear regression (1/5)- correlation and covariance□ Simple linear regression (2/5)- slope and intercept of linear regression model□ Simple linear regression (3/5)- standard error of slope and intercept□ Simple linear regression (4/5)- t … Read more
Now, corn is progressing toward maturity, currently at the R6 stage, known as Physiological Maturity. This marks the final stage of kernel development, and the corn growth stages are indicated as follows: [Note 1] Corn growth stageR1 – Silking Stage:This stage marks the beginning of reproductive growth. The tassel at the top of the corn … Read more
This is one of the research projects called ‘Agrivoltaic’ in which I’m currently involved. Ideally, ground-level solar panels help keep the soil moist, while also keeping the crops cool during the day and warm at night. In turn, the plants assist the panels in transferring water from the soil into the atmosphere. The plants keep … Read more
When pods contain green seeds that fills the pod at one of the four uppermost nodes on the main stem, it is usually called R6 (full seed). At R6 (full seed), seeds reach their maximum size in one or more pods on at least one of the four uppermost nodes. By mid-R6 (~R6.5), approximately 80% … Read more
Agronomy note □ Sowing date: 2023/05/18 □ V4: 2023/6/28 □ Flowering: 2023/08/01 □ R6: 2023/09/12 Three weeks ago, there was an insect problem on soybean leaves caused by Japanese beetles. After flowering, applying insecticide may not be advisable, and therefore I expressed my objection to such applications among several groups sharing the same field. Unless … Read more
When you need to consolidate specific data from dozens of Excel files into a single dataset, manually opening and copying from each file (Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V) not only takes a lot of time but also increases the risk of data errors due to momentary lapses in concentration. To address these issues, I … Read more
Wheat is generally known as sink-limitation during the grain-filling period. First, let’s explore the definition of source-sink limitation. The source-sink relationship and the regulation of carbon allocation are determining factors in crop yield. The growth of crops can be restricted by the assimilate availability in specific crop organs or by the ability of those organs … Read more
SAS Studio is a web version of the SAS program, and it can be used for free. As my current license for the statistical program I’ve been using is about to expire, I was searching for alternatives. Upon discovering SAS Studio, I decided to give it a try. Although I have never used SAS before, … Read more
I will randomly create a piece of data and then proceed to plot a line graph with points for this data. I have differentiated point colors and shapes based on the variable “Genotype”. In the above code, the value geom_point(size=5) sets the point size to 5 for both GenotypeA and GenotypeB. However, I would like … Read more