A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing MySQL Workbench on Your Computer

A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing MySQL Workbench on Your Computer

This is the process to install MySQL Workbench on your PC. First, please go to the link and download the latest version of MySQL. https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/ The next page will ask you to log in to your Oracle web account or sign up, or you can choose to skip this step and start the download. The choice is yours. You need to choose a Setup Type, and I’ll choose Custom. Next choose the latest both MySQL Server and MySQL Workbench From…

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Powdery mildew in hemp

Powdery mildew in hemp

Powdery mildew in hemp is a common fungal disease that can affect the health and yield of hemp plants. It’s caused by various species of fungi, with Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum being common culprits. Powdery mildew typically appears as white or grayish, powdery spots or patches on the leaves, stems, and even flowers of hemp plants. Infected leaves may curl, become distorted, or die prematurely. As the disease progresses, the powdery spots can merge, covering larger areas of the…

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[Crop Note] Soybean harvest (10 Oct 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] Soybean harvest (10 Oct 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

The soybean harvesting phase usually commences when the soybean plants have achieved complete maturity, and the beans are primed for collection. The precise timing of the harvest may fluctuate, contingent on variables such as the soybean variety, environmental conditions, and geographical region. Nevertheless, there are common indicators to observe: ■ Pod Color: The first indicator of soybean maturity is the color of the pods. As the soybeans mature, the green pods turn yellow or brown, and they may start to…

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Exploring THC and CBD Concentrations in Hemp Plants: A Focus on Female Flowers and Resinous Trichomes

Exploring THC and CBD Concentrations in Hemp Plants: A Focus on Female Flowers and Resinous Trichomes

In hemp plants (Cannabis sativa), the highest concentrations of THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol) are typically found in the female flowers, especially in the resinous trichomes that cover the flowers and leaves. These trichomes produce the cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, as well as other compounds such as terpenes, which contribute to the plant’s aroma and flavor. Hemp plants are typically grown for their industrial uses, including the production of fiber, seeds, and oil. In many hemp cultivars, the THC…

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Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV) in hemp

Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV) in hemp

Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is a destructive plant virus that primarily affects plants such as sugar beets, tomatoes. It is primarily transmitted by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus), which feeds on plant sap and can carry the virus from infected plants to healthy ones. Symptoms of Beet Curly Top Virus on leaves and plants typically include leaf curling. Leaves of infected plants often exhibit severe curling, puckering, and distortion. This is one of the most characteristic symptoms and gives…

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Hemp seed coat is the outer protective layer of a hemp seed

Hemp seed coat is the outer protective layer of a hemp seed

Hemp (or industrial hemp) is Cannabis sativa which is a member of the Cannabaceae family. Actually, Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are two of the primary subspecies or varieties of the Cannabis plant, each with its own set of characteristics. It’s important to note that while hemp is a variety of Cannabis sativa, not all cannabis is hemp. The name “cannabis” refers to a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae, which includes both hemp and marijuana. While both…

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How to customize the title format in facet_wrap()?

How to customize the title format in facet_wrap()?

□ Graph Partitioning Using facet_wrap() in R Studio By following my previous post, you can understand how to obtain the figure below. If you copy and paste the code above into your R console, you can obtain the same figure as shown above. Now, I’d like to change the title format by removing the title border. Next, I’d like to draw a line in the title. Please refer to the code below. full code: https://github.com/agronomy4future/r_code/blob/main/How_to_customize_the_title_format_in_facet_wrap().ipynb © 2022 – 2023 https://agronomy4future.com

Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 2: Calculating the Coefficient of Determination Manually)

Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 2: Calculating the Coefficient of Determination Manually)

□ Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 1: Calculating the Regression Equation Manually) In the previous post, we explained how to manually calculate the regression equation in multiple linear regression analysis. Now, in this post, I will explain how to calculate the coefficient of determination (R2) in multiple linear regression analysis. No. Yield (yi) Time (xi1) Moisture (xi2) 1 4.3 4 0.2 2 5.5 5 0.2 3 6.8 6 0.2 4 8.0 7 0.2 5 4.0 4 0.3 6 5.2…

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Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 1: Calculating the Regression Equation Manually)

Understanding Multiple Linear Regression Easily (Part 1: Calculating the Regression Equation Manually)

In my previous posts, I explained the simple linear regression model as five categories. I recommend reading the following posts first. □ Simple linear regression (1/5)- correlation and covariance□ Simple linear regression (2/5)- slope and intercept of linear regression model□ Simple linear regression (3/5)- standard error of slope and intercept□ Simple linear regression (4/5)- t value on the slope and intercept    □ Simple linear regression (5/5)- R_squared In this session, I will explain multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis refers to…

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[Crop Note] current corn stage, R6 (12 Sep 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage, R6 (12 Sep 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

Now, corn is progressing toward maturity, currently at the R6 stage, known as Physiological Maturity. This marks the final stage of kernel development, and the corn growth stages are indicated as follows: [Note 1] Corn growth stageR1 – Silking Stage:This stage marks the beginning of reproductive growth. The tassel at the top of the corn plant releases pollen and silks emerge from the ear shoot and catch the pollen to facilitate fertilization. Silks turn brown and dry as fertilization occurs.R2…

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Solar Farm 2.0 SCAPES Crops Research

Solar Farm 2.0 SCAPES Crops Research

This is one of the research projects called ‘Agrivoltaic’ in which I’m currently involved. Ideally, ground-level solar panels help keep the soil moist, while also keeping the crops cool during the day and warm at night. In turn, the plants assist the panels in transferring water from the soil into the atmosphere. The plants keep the panels cool—and efficient—during the day, resulting in more energy production. However, crops underneath solar panels could have a confounding effect due to shading. Shading…

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Soybean growth stage: R6 (full seed)

Soybean growth stage: R6 (full seed)

When pods contain green seeds that fills the pod at one of the four uppermost nodes on the main stem, it is usually called R6 (full seed). At R6 (full seed), seeds reach their maximum size in one or more pods on at least one of the four uppermost nodes. By mid-R6 (~R6.5), approximately 80% of the seed’s dry weight has accumulated. Subsequently, a few leaves may begin to turn, and some pods may appear lighter in color. ■ [Crop…

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[Crop Note] current soybean stage (12 Sep 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current soybean stage (12 Sep 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

Agronomy note □ Sowing date: 2023/05/18 □ V4: 2023/6/28 □ Flowering: 2023/08/01 □ R6: 2023/09/12 Three weeks ago, there was an insect problem on soybean leaves caused by Japanese beetles. After flowering, applying insecticide may not be advisable, and therefore I expressed my objection to such applications among several groups sharing the same field. Unless pods are damaged, it is less likely to affect grain yield at around R5. The current growth stage is R6 (full seed), and now I…

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Combining Multiple Excel Files into One Using RDBMerge

Combining Multiple Excel Files into One Using RDBMerge

When you need to consolidate specific data from dozens of Excel files into a single dataset, manually opening and copying from each file (Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V) not only takes a lot of time but also increases the risk of data errors due to momentary lapses in concentration. To address these issues, I introduce a feature that allows you to merge numerous Excel files into one seamlessly. 1. Install the program; ‘RDBMerge’ into the Excel file. downloadhttp://www.rondebruin.nl/win/addins/rdbmerge.htm Visit…

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Understanding Source-Sink Dynamics in Wheat

Understanding Source-Sink Dynamics in Wheat

Wheat is generally known as sink-limitation during the grain-filling period. First, let’s explore the definition of source-sink limitation. The source-sink relationship and the regulation of carbon allocation are determining factors in crop yield. The growth of crops can be restricted by the assimilate availability in specific crop organs or by the ability of those organs to utilize assimilates. In the former case, we refer to it as source-limitation, and in the latter case, it is known as sink-limitation. The causes…

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Step-by-Step Guide: Uploading Data and Conducting Statistical Analysis in SAS Studio

Step-by-Step Guide: Uploading Data and Conducting Statistical Analysis in SAS Studio

SAS Studio is a web version of the SAS program, and it can be used for free. As my current license for the statistical program I’ve been using is about to expire, I was searching for alternatives. Upon discovering SAS Studio, I decided to give it a try. Although I have never used SAS before, I’ve decided to take this opportunity to learn. I will now summarize the very basic learning materials I have covered up to this point. First,…

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Variable-Dependent Manipulation of Point and Line Sizes in R

Variable-Dependent Manipulation of Point and Line Sizes in R

I will randomly create a piece of data and then proceed to plot a line graph with points for this data. I have differentiated point colors and shapes based on the variable “Genotype”. In the above code, the value geom_point(size=5) sets the point size to 5 for both GenotypeA and GenotypeB. However, I would like to increase the point size specifically for GenotypeA. I will change the code from geom_point(size=5) to geom_point(aes(size=Genotype)). This means that I will adjust the point…

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Combining Multiple Excel Files into One Using Access

Combining Multiple Excel Files into One Using Access

□ Exploring Data Management in ACCESS: Uploading Data to the Database In the previous post, I introduced how to upload Excel files to ACCESS. Now, let’s explore how to upload multiple Excel files to ACCESS and merge them into one dataset. Let’s say you have uploaded 5 Excel files to ACCESS, as shown in the image below. We will demonstrate how to merge these 5 uploaded data tables into a single data table. In Query Design, you can click on…

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Converting an Excel File to an R file: Optimizing File Size

Converting an Excel File to an R file: Optimizing File Size

Today, I will introduce a method for converting an Excel file into an R file. I have placed an Excel file in a folder named ‘DataBase’ on the desktop. This file contains wheat grain size data, with 96,320 rows and a size of approximately 15MB. When an Excel file is large, you may experience performance issues, such as Excel slowing down during data operations, especially if your computer has limited memory. It would be more convenient to convert this Excel…

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Drawing Lines in ggplot()

Drawing Lines in ggplot()

When using ggplot() to create multiple graphs, there are times when you might want to add separate lines to the graphs. Today, I’ll be posting about how to draw additional lines on graphs. Let’s start by generating a simple piece of data. Next, I will proceed to draw a regression graph for this data. 1) Drawing a 1:1 ratio line. To examine the slope of the regression line, I would like to draw a 1:1 ratio line. geom_abline (slope=1, linetype…

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Easy-to-Understand Guide to Factorial Experiments and Two-Way ANOVA

Easy-to-Understand Guide to Factorial Experiments and Two-Way ANOVA

Today, I’ll try to explain factorial experiments in the simplest way. When you apply multiple different factors simultaneously to derive experimental results, it’s called factorial experiments. The different treatments within the experiment are referred to as ‘factorials.’ In other words, a factorial is a combination of factors. [Note 1] A factorial experiment is a research design in which multiple independent variables, also known as factors, are manipulated simultaneously to analyze their combined effects on a dependent variable. The goal of…

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Two-Way ANOVA Tutorial Using SAS Studio

Two-Way ANOVA Tutorial Using SAS Studio

I will introduce how to perform a Two-Way ANOVA analysis using SAS Studio. Here is the data that you have available: Upload this Excel file to SAS Studio. After uploading the Excel file to SAS Studio, create a data table named “EXP1” in My Libraries. Then, click on the EXP1 data table. Then, select the icon for generating code located at the top. By doing so, a new tab named “Program 1” will be created, allowing you to generate the…

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Quantifying Phenotypic Plasticity of Crops

Quantifying Phenotypic Plasticity of Crops

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an individual organism, in this case, a plant, to display varying phenotypic traits or characteristics in response to different environmental conditions. These traits can include physical features, physiological processes, and behaviors. Phenotypic plasticity is a crucial adaptive mechanism that allows organisms to optimize their survival and reproduction in varying environments. Crops are particularly reliant on phenotypic plasticity to cope with changes in factors such as light, temperature, moisture, nutrient availability, and other environmental…

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Statistical Inference on Binomially Distributed Data

Statistical Inference on Binomially Distributed Data

The primary purpose of our experiment is to validate hypotheses regarding the population of the subjects under study. As a result, the experimenter must determine whether to accept or reject these hypotheses based on the experiment’s results. In this context, the method of statistical analysis will vary depending on whether the sample data follows a normal distribution or a binomial distribution. Today, we will introduce statistical testing methods for data that conform to a binomial distribution. Let’s delve into an…

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Graph Partitioning Using facet_grid() in R Studio

Graph Partitioning Using facet_grid() in R Studio

In my previous post, I introduced how to partition graphs using facet_wrap(). Today, I’ll introduce facet_grid(). □ Graph Partitioning Using facet_wrap() in R Studio Actually, the function is the same, but there are very subtle differences between facet_wrap() and facet_grid(). Today, I’ll explain this. Let’s upload one data. I measured chlorophyll contents in leaves for two wheat genotypes under both stress and normal conditions. In this case, there are two factors (stress treatment and genotypes). If you’ve read my previous…

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Sorghum Development: Insights into Each Growing Phase

Sorghum Development: Insights into Each Growing Phase

I am currently working with sorghum in the field, and I’m documenting its growth stages over time. Stage 0) Emergence □ Sowing date: 2023/05/18□ Emergence: 2023/05/30 As the young sorghum plant pierces the soil’s surface, its initial growth phase is typically gradual. Several factors determine the duration between sowing the seed and its emergence, including the soil’s temperature, the amount and distribution of residue on the soil, its moisture content, the depth at which the seed is planted, and the…

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[Crop Note] current corn stage (09 Aug 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (09 Aug 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

Around 24 to 26 days after silking, the milky inner fluid (the starchy liquid) within kernels attains a dough-like consistency. At this stage, kernels contain approximately 70% moisture and achieve about 30 to 50% of their mature dry weight. Four embryonic leaves also form during this phase. Once the kernels reach the dough stage, the likelihood of kernel abortion decreases significantly. This suggests that the critical period for determining the number of kernels becomes less relevant after the R3 or…

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Nitro-Charged Cold Brew Coffee: Nitrogen enhances the quality of the coffee.

Nitro-Charged Cold Brew Coffee: Nitrogen enhances the quality of the coffee.

After conducting fieldwork and measuring N2O gas emissions, I stopped by a cafeteria called Espresso Royale Krannert View. This cafeteria is located on campus and is an easy spot to grab a coffee to go. I saw a panel advertising Nitro-Charged Cold Brew Coffee, and it was particularly interesting because I had just finished measuring N2O gas. Do you know why they mentioned N7 in the panel? It’s because the atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The fact that the…

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