Exploring Axis Title and Text Spacing Adjustment in R Studio for Graphs

Exploring Axis Title and Text Spacing Adjustment in R Studio for Graphs

If you visit FAOSTAT (https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/), you can download high-quality data related to agriculture. Recently, I conducted an analysis of the trends in global and European wheat harvest quantities. As a result, I performed data analysis similar to the following. The complete code for the above graph is as follows: In the above graph, it seems that the axis title labels are too close to the axis text. I’d like to increase the spacing a bit. From now on, I’ll be…

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How to Create a KML File with Google Maps or Google Earth: Step-by-Step Guide

How to Create a KML File with Google Maps or Google Earth: Step-by-Step Guide

I will introduce how to create a KML file using Google Maps or Google Earth. First, go to Google My Maps using the link below, and click on CREATE A NEW MAP. https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/?hl=en Then you will be directed to the following screen. Here, enter the address you want. I want to share the address of Rogers Centre in Toronto with my friend via a KML file, as I am planning to watch a Toronto Blue Jays game there. When I…

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네덜란드 범죄경력증명서 (Verklaring Omtrent het Gedrag-VOG) 신청 및 수령하기

네덜란드 범죄경력증명서 (Verklaring Omtrent het Gedrag-VOG) 신청 및 수령하기

특정 국가의 취업 비자나 여러가지 입국 서류를 준비하다보면 필수 서류중 하나가 과거 체류한 국가의 범죄 경력증명서 입니다. 이미 그 나라를 떠난 상태에서 해당 국가의 범죄 경력증명서를 받기는 쉽지 않습니다. 저는 과거 네덜란드에 거주하였는데 이번 다른 국가에서의 취업비자를 준비하던 중 과거 6개월 이상 체류한 국가의 범죄경력증명서 제출이 필수여서 이번에 한국에서 네덜란드 범죄경력증명서를 발급 받았습니다. 제가 발급받았던 신청 과정을 공유합니다. 1) 범죄경력 증명서를 발급받는 홈페이지 방문 https://www.justis.nl/en/products/certificate-of-conduct 네덜란드 범죄경력 증명서는 Certificate of Conduct 라고 부르며 네덜란드어로는 Verklaring Omtrent het Gedrag-VOG 라고 합니다….

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[데이터 칼럼] 회귀모델의 절편을 0 으로 조정 했을때 결정계수는 어떻게 변할까?

[데이터 칼럼] 회귀모델의 절편을 0 으로 조정 했을때 결정계수는 어떻게 변할까?

과거에 저는 밀 종자의 면적을 구하기 위해 밀 종자를 이미지 스캔하고, 그 다음에는 각 밀 종자의 면적에 해당하는 무게를 측정하였습니다. 다음 회귀 분석은 밀 종자의 면적과 무게 간의 관계를 보여줍니다. # Data download https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/agronomy4future/wheat-grain-area-vs-weight 위 데이터를 제 Github 에서 R 로 업로드 하겠습니다. 그리고 통계 분석을 해 보겠습니다. 회귀모형 y= 3.3333x – 13.7155 을 Excel 과 R을 사용하여 얻었습니다. 여기서 y 는 밀 종자 무게(mg) 이고, x 는 밀 종자 면적(mm2) 입니다. 그러나 이 모델에서, x 값이 작아지는 어느 시점부터…

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Creating a Data Frame in R Studio

Creating a Data Frame in R Studio

Today, I will show you how to create a data frame using R Studio. We have several variables that we will combine into a data frame. The ‘nation’ variable consists of five countries: “USA”, “GERMANY”, “NETHERLANDS”, “DENMARK”, and “KOREA”. We also have some survey data on the happiness and economic power of each country. To create a data frame in R, we can use the data.frame() function to combine all variables. In this example, I have written the code as…

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Creating Visual Emphasis: Adding Dotted Boxes to Graphs in R Studio

Creating Visual Emphasis: Adding Dotted Boxes to Graphs in R Studio

I’ll explain how to insert a box in a graph to highlight it. I’ll generate some data. “This data pertains to the yield and standard error for five different genotypes. I’ll create a bar chart to visualize it. In this graph, genotypes D and E exhibit greater yields compared to the other genotypes. My current objective is to emphasize genotypes D and E by adding a dotted box. To achieve this, we can utilize the geom_rect(). For geom_rect(), I set…

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단순선형 회귀분석에서 결정계수 (R², Coefficient of Determination) 를 가장 쉽게 설명해 보자

단순선형 회귀분석에서 결정계수 (R², Coefficient of Determination) 를 가장 쉽게 설명해 보자

여기 x 와 y 에 대한 데이터가 있습니다. x 가 변화함에 따라 y 는 어떻게 달라지는지를 알고 싶어 회귀분석을 해 보겠습니다. x y 1 10 30 2 20 40 3 30 50 4 40 80 5 50 90 6 60 100 7 70 120 저는 SAS 를 이용합니다. 먼저 데이터 데이블을 생성합니다. 그리고 단순선형 회귀분석을 해 보겠습니다. 통계 프로그램은 회귀방정식 y= 11.429 + 1.5357x 를 제공해 주었습니다. 즉, x 가 1 증가할 때 y 는1.5357 배로 증가합니다. 그리고 이 회귀모형의…

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[스페인 농업일기] 스페인 작물 학회 (FiRCMe) 발표

[스페인 농업일기] 스페인 작물 학회 (FiRCMe) 발표

팜플로나에 있는 University of Navarra 에서 진행된 스페인 작물 학회에서 발표를 하였습니다. 발표 주제는 밀 수확량에 영향을 미치는 고온 스트레스에 관한 내용이었습니다. 고온 스트레스는 밀 수확량에 영향을 미칠때 직접적으로 종자에 영향을 미치는지, 잎에 직접적으로 영향을 미쳐 최종적으로는 간접적으로 종자에 영향을 미치는지에 대한 내용을 발표했습니다. p.s. 팜플로나의 야경

In R STUDIO, how to apply the same font type and size in ggplot?

In R STUDIO, how to apply the same font type and size in ggplot?

First, let’s generate a simple data. Then I’ll make a bar graph using ggplot2. Now, I made a bar graph like above, but in the code to make this bar graph, I repeated font type and size over and over to set up the same font type and size in both graph title and text (also in x and y axis). I want to reduce this repeated codes, and the solution is using theme_grey(). axis.title.x= element_text (family=”serif”, size=15, color=”black”), axis.title.y=…

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Creating Stacked Bar Graphs in R Studio: A Step-by-Step Guide

Creating Stacked Bar Graphs in R Studio: A Step-by-Step Guide

Today, I’ll be introducing how to create stacked bar graphs using R Studio. To start, I will generate a data table as shown below. I’ll make stacked bar graphs using this data table. First of all, it’s necessary to summarize the data. I’ll use ddply() function. If I use this code, the error message pops up This is because when generating data, I used double quotation marks such as yield = c(rep(“15”, 5), rep(“18”, 5), rep(“20”, 8), rep(“14”, 7), rep(“21”,…

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예이다 La Seu Vella (라 세우 벨라)

예이다 La Seu Vella (라 세우 벨라)

박사 논문 막바지 단계에 있습니다. 사무실에서 일하다가 기분전환이나 할겸 예이다에서 가장 유명한 (사실 유일한) 관광지인 La Seu Vella 를 다녀왔습니다. La Seu Vella 를 올라갈수 있는 길은 여러곳이 있습니다만 저는 개인적으로 여기가 공식적인 정문이라고 생각하고 있습니다. La Seu Vella 에 올라가면 예이다 시내를 한눈에 볼수 있습니다. 그래서 가끔 여기 와서 도시 풍경 보는 것을 좋아합니다. 이곳은 La Seu Vella 에 있는 카페테리아 입니다. 이곳에 앉아 쉬면서 도시 풍경을 보는 재미가 있습니다. 잠시 성에 앉아 도시 풍경을 보며 박사과정 이후의 삶에…

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How to conduct Least Significant difference (LSD) test using R STUDIO?

How to conduct Least Significant difference (LSD) test using R STUDIO?

For the mean comparison among variables, Least Significant difference (LSD) test is the most common method. Today I’ll introduce LSD test using R Studio. Here is one data. This data is about the yield difference of CV1 in response to 4 different nitrogen fertilizer (N0 ,N1, N2, N3). First of all, let’s check the mean per each nitrogen fertilizer. It seems that yield is different from nitrogen fertilizers, but we need to confirm it statistically. First, I’ll run One-Way ANOVA…

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[스페인 농업일기] 스페인 카탈루냐 지역 2021년 밀 수확

[스페인 농업일기] 스페인 카탈루냐 지역 2021년 밀 수확

2021년 겨울밀 수확 현장에 참여했습니다. 횟수로는 4년째 스페인에서 밀 수확 현장에 참여하고 있습니다. 올해 저는 필드실험이 없어서 아주 오랜만에 필드 방문이기도 해서 더욱더 기분이 좋았던 하루 였습니다 아주 뜨거운 날씨입니다. 밀은 아주 잘 익어서 밀 이삭 역시 고개를 숙이고 있습니다. 파종을 작년 11월 중순에 했으니 7개월 정도 잘 자라 주었습니다. 필드 연구는 언제나 즐겁습니다.

Graph Partitioning Using facet_wrap() in R Studio

Graph Partitioning Using facet_wrap() in R Studio

While creating graphs, you can certainly draw multiple graphs in a single panel. However, you can also use the facet_wrap() function to divide graphs based on specific variables. First, let’s generate a dataset. I intend to create a bar graph using this data. Therefore, I need to summarize the data. To do this, I must reorganize the data from being divided into columns to being arranged in rows. I have reorganized the data into rows using the reshape2::melt() function. Now,…

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Utilizing stat_summary() in R Studio to Summarize Data Graphically

Utilizing stat_summary() in R Studio to Summarize Data Graphically

When creating graphs using data, especially those involving error bars, it is necessary to calculate the standard error by summarizing the data. There are various methods to summarize the data. □ Utilizing R Studio for Data Grouping and Mean/Standard Error Calculation (feat ddply) Today I will introduce a method of creating graphs all at once using stat_summary() without the need for such data summarization. Below is an example dataset: Now I want to display the data as points by placing…

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노먼 볼로그와 녹색혁명 이야기 (20세기 밀 수확량은 어떻게 증가했는가?)

노먼 볼로그와 녹색혁명 이야기 (20세기 밀 수확량은 어떻게 증가했는가?)

20세기 후반 밀 수확량은 어떻게 증가 하였을까? 이 이야기는 1935년으로 거슬러 올라갑니다. 당시 일본의 밀 육종가 곤지로 이나주카 (Gonjiro Inazuka) 는 일본의 반왜성 (semi-dwarf) 야생 품종과 두개의 미국 밀 품종을 교배하여 노린 10 [小麦農林10号] 이라는 새로운 밀 품종을 개발합니다. 일본어로 노린은 ‘농림’ 이라는 뜻이라고 합니다. 반왜성[半矮性]: 식물 육종에서 보통의 품종보다 줄기의 길이가 짧거나 키가 작지만 왜성처럼 극단적이지 않은 상태 Daruma 는 줄기가 짧은 일본 고유 품종이었고 박력분 밀 품종인 Fultz 와 강력분 밀 품종인 Turkey Red 는 1982년쯤 미국에서 일본으로 도입된 품종이었습니다. 이 Fultz 와 Turkey Red 는 일본 도쿄에 있는…

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Transforming Data: Stacking Multiple Columns into Rows Using R

Transforming Data: Stacking Multiple Columns into Rows Using R

One common mistake when organizing data is collecting it as depicted below (## represents the result). While it might seem easy to input values into each column, listing data in this manner complicates statistical analysis. To conduct statistical analysis on such listed data, it is necessary for the data to be arranged as shown below. In other words, statistical analysis of an experimental design with three replicates for the two variables, Genotype and Field, can be conducted when the data…

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Stacking Data Vertically from Multiple Columns in R Studio (feat. reshape package)

Stacking Data Vertically from Multiple Columns in R Studio (feat. reshape package)

Previously, I posted about how to change the data structure in the following scenario. □ Combining Factors from Separate Datasets into a Single Column Using R Studio (feat. dplyr package) This time, I will introduce a method for changing the structure of data as shown below. Specifically, this is about cases where there are multiple columns within a single dataset, not two different datasets. I will create a simple dataset for illustration purposes. This is a method for taking input…

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[스페인 농업일기] 스페인 카탈루냐 지역 작은 농장 스토리

[스페인 농업일기] 스페인 카탈루냐 지역 작은 농장 스토리

Farmer España 라는 앱에서 소개한 스페인 카탈루냐 지역에 작은 농장 스토리 입니다. 농부라는 직업을 이렇게 매력적으로 묘사하는 영상을 오랜만에 봅니다. 영상미부터 스토리까지 농부가 되고 싶게 만드는 영상을 보며 이런게 문화의 힘인가 싶고, 개인적으로는 카탈루냐 지역 농업이 이런 면을 많이 부각시키는 듯 합니다. 영상이 너무 이뻐서 영상 내용을 번역하여 소개합니다. Hericamps es nuestro proyecto agroecológico de agricultura ecológica y sostenible. Empezó ya hace 3 años. 우리의 농장 Hericamps 는 스페인 카탈루냐 Figuera 지역에서 3년전에 시작한, 농업과 환경에 관한 생태학적이고 지속가능한 우리의…

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Combining Factors from Separate Datasets into a Single Column Using R Studio (feat. dplyr package)

Combining Factors from Separate Datasets into a Single Column Using R Studio (feat. dplyr package)

When data is divided into two separate datasets, it needs to be combined into a single column. Using R, we can simply combine the two datasets. I will create a simple dataset. Now I will combine these two datasets into one. 1) using data.frame() To explain the below code simply, we are using the function data.frame() to combine two datasets. Regarding the repetition of the text “Defoliation,” it indicates repeating it by the number of times corresponding to the values…

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Utilizing R Studio for Data Grouping and Mean/Standard Error Calculation (feat ddply)

Utilizing R Studio for Data Grouping and Mean/Standard Error Calculation (feat ddply)

The function I will introduce today is ddply(). This function is convenient for summarizing large amounts of data and can also calculate standard errors, making it easy to create bar graphs. First, install the package. Once the installation is complete, let’s upload some data. This dataset consists of results from cultivating 4 genotypes under 4 different nitrogen treatment conditions with 4 replicates each. In other words, it comprises a total of 64 data points (4 x 4 x 4). When…

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[JK column #131] Keywords

[JK column #131] Keywords

Sunday, January 03, 2021 Couple days ago, I visited a store to buy a small stapler. As I was about to leave after purchasing it, I noticed the book section in the corner of the store and decided to check it out. All the books were in Spanish, and to be honest, I usually don’t stop by the book section when visiting a store, as I’m not familiar with many books in Spanish. However, as part of my New Year’s…

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How to add new columns (new calculation) using R STUDIO?

How to add new columns (new calculation) using R STUDIO?

I’ll generate one data. Let’s say this is a math and english score for 8 students from different countries. I would like to adjust the scores by giving more weight to math. Since math was particularly difficult, I will increase the weight given to math.

Performing a Two-Way ANOVA with Blocks using R Studio

Performing a Two-Way ANOVA with Blocks using R Studio

I’ll upload one data in R. I have 10 corn varieties and want to analyze the impact of nitrogen treatments (N0 and N1), variety, and their interaction on grain yield. Since replicates are considered as blocks, I will conduct a two-way ANOVA analysis with blocks as the statistical model. The statistical model for two-way ANOVA with blocks is as follows: yijk = μ  + αi + βj + δij + γk + εijk where yijk: observed values for treatment (ij; i…

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Streamlined Data Summary in R STUDIO: Enhancing Bar Graphs with Error Bars

Streamlined Data Summary in R STUDIO: Enhancing Bar Graphs with Error Bars

When working with data in R, there are situations where you might need to examine summarized information, such as means, standard deviations, and more. Today, I will introduce the methods that can be employed for this purpose. Let’s start by loading a dataset. As I engage in various tasks involving this data, I aim to summarize it. Therefore, I will introduce methods applicable to such situations. 1) using plyr package First, install and activate the package. I want to summarize…

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Enhancing Graph Points in R Studio: Adding Distinct Borders

Enhancing Graph Points in R Studio: Adding Distinct Borders

I have datasets below. This data pertains to the differences in grain yield and height resulting from various fertilizer treatments. Now I’ll create a graph using the following code. Since I assigned the color based on the condition of the “Fertilizer,”; geom_point (aes(color=Fertilizer)), the colors are automatically distinguished, resulting in the graph being plotted. However, I would like to add borders to these points in order to represent them more distinctly. By the way, if you include shape=Fertilizer within aes(),…

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How to select/delete specific variables using R STUDIO?

How to select/delete specific variables using R STUDIO?

□ How to select and delete specific columns using R STUDIO? In my previous post, I explained how to select or delete specific columns. This time, I’ll elaborate on selecting or deleting specific variables within columns. Once again, I’ll generate a new set of data. If I want to divide the data by genotype, I use the code below. But what if I simply want to delete all instances of the CV2 genotype? The code is below. Alternatively, the code…

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Modifying Graph Axis Style using ggplot in R Studio

Modifying Graph Axis Style using ggplot in R Studio

This is a method for adjusting the axis formatting of a graph drawn using ggplot() in R Studio. I will create a simple dataset as shown below. Next, I will use this data to create a bar graph. I have created the bar graph as shown above. Now, let’s proceed to adjust the axis formatting of the graph. 1) Setting Axis Range I will adjust the range of the y-axis values. I want to set the range from -1 to…

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Illustrating Data Trends with a Line Graph in R Studio

Illustrating Data Trends with a Line Graph in R Studio

I’ll Introduce the method of creating a line graph using R. I will utilize the geom_line() within ggplot(). First, let’s load the file. This data pertains to the changes in chlorophyll content and leaf greenness over time (days after planting). This dataset contains information from two distinct locations (Northern, Southern) and genotypes (CV1, CV2), each with three stress treatments (Control, Stress_1, Stress_2). Now, I’d like to know how chlorophyll content is changed by stress treatments per genotype at each location….

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