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geom_text(aes(family=”serif”,fontface=6), x=65, y=0.02, label=paste(“Pistolo\n”,pistolo_CT_MEAN, “±”, round(pistolo_CT_SE,digits=2)),size=7, col=”Black”)

How to change the name of columns in R?

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Let’s upload one data to R. Now, I’d like to change the name of column as field → locationgenotype → varietyblock → repstreatment → experimentshoot → branchgrain_number → GNgrain_weight → GW I introduce two ways to change column names. 1) using colnames() 2) using rename() in dplyr package In this time, I’ll use dplyr package.

How to upload a file from GitHub to R?

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I uploaded one .csv file to GitHub. Now I want to analyze this data in R. Simply I can download this file and upload to R. But let’s directly upload this file from GitHub to R. First, we need to know the URL address of this file. If you click your file name in GitHub, … Read more

How to easily change legend name inside a graph in R?

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I’ll generate one data. Then, I’ll make a bar graph about this data. To make a bar graph, data should be summarized. Now, I want to change legend name from N0 to 0kg N/ha, and N1 to 200kg N/ha. Simply we can add more code like this; scale_fill_manual(label=c(“0kg N/ha”,”200kg N/ha”), values=c(“grey75″,”grey25”)) What if we want … Read more

R

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label=paste(round(mean(na.rm=T,long_low$KW),digit=1),”mg”)

What is Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test?

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The reason why we use t-test, not z-test is because we don’t know the variance (σ2) of the population. The sample mean (x̅) is an unbiased estimator for the population mean (μ), and therefore we can estimate μ from x̅ (E(x̅) = μ). How about variance? If we know σ2, sample variance could be estimated … Read more

What is Finlay-Wilkinson Regression Model?

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The genotype is dependent on environmental changes. One genotype may strongly respond to certain environmental conditions, while another genotype may weakly respond to the same conditions. If some genotypes strongly respond under better conditions, they would be adaptable to the environment. Adaptability refers to the flexibility of a genotype in its response to improved environments. … Read more

What is a nested model in statistics?

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One tomato farmer is growing tomato seedlings, and all of sudden he wants to investigate the amount of calcium in leaves. So, he selected four tomato seedlings, and he randomly chose three leaves in each seedling and investigated the amount of calcium. He measured twice in each leaf. This experimental design would be explained by … Read more

How much nitrogen is lost when applying in season?

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How much fertilizer do farmers lose when they apply nitrogen in season? Is volatilization a significant problem? Could 4R nutrient management and urease inhibitors help? To answer those questions, our research team had an interview with RealAgriculture in Canada. ArticleCorn School: How much nitrogen is lost when applying in season?

Corn Development Stages- R3 (Milk)

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After 18 – 20 days from R1 stage, the kernels become mostly yellow and contain “milky” white fluid (i.e. starch accumulates). However, moisture content of kernel at R3 is around 80%. Starch accumulation continuously occurs in the endosperm, and cell division of endosperm is almost complete, indicating that growth of kernels since R3 would be … Read more

Corn field by drone

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This is our corn field for split N experiment in University of Guelph. Video recording by drone @ Guelph, Ontario in Canada.

Corn Development Stages- R2 (Blister)

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I harvested some corn plants at R1 stage 12 days ago. Around R1 stage, final kernel number would be determined. In corn, kernel row number (girth) and number per row (length) in an ear are main yield components. Girth determination of the uppermost ear (the ear harvested) begins shortly after the ear shoot is initiated … Read more

Corn Development Stages- R1 (Silking)

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In corn, R1 stage (silking) is one of the most critical period to determine yield potential. The emergence of silk is regarded as the initiation of reproductive period. Each ovule (potential kernel) on the ear develops its own silk (as the stigma of the female flower). Silks initiate to elongate around the V12. It stars … Read more

Current corn stage (28 July 2022) at Guelph in Ontario, Canada

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Sowing date: 12/05/2022 Today: 28/07/2022 (78 days from sowing) Current stage: R1 Site: Ontario, Canada Finally corn reached to R1. Now we can see corn silk will appear. Also, we regard corn developmental stage as R1 (silking) when tassels appears. It’s very important silking and tasseling are synchronized timely for successful pollination and fertilization (It … Read more

How to adjust page width and font size in WordPress?

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When we use WordPress, sometimes we want to increase width of page. Of course, we can do that using several plugin, but through simple CSS codes, we can adjust page width and font size. Let’s go to Dashboard > Appearance > Customize Then, choose Additional CSS Then write the below code in the window. After … Read more

Different developmental stage of corn ear

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This post is the summary of the article, ‘Ear Initiation & Size Determination in Corn’ by prof. Bob Nielsen in Purdue University, and therefore all storytelling in this post is based on the article. In a corn plant, kernel number of per ear (KN) is an important contributor to the grain yield potential. Therefore, developmental … Read more

Why plants at the front are always smaller than others inside plot?

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Why plants at the front are always smaller than others inside plot? If there is a border effect, it’s likely to be taller. This mainly results from more soil compaction and also might be due to competition against grasses. Furthermore, N fertilizers would be less supplied at the front where the applicator just starts to … Read more

Current corn stage (19 July 2022) at Guelph in Ontario, Canada

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Sowing date: 12/05/2022 Today: 19/07/2022 (69 days from sowing) Current stage: V13-V14 Site: Guelph, Ontario, Canada Now corn is reaching to VT. Sooner or later, tassels will come out and also corn silk will appear. Now it’s so drought. When corn goes through drought stress, they roll up leaves to protect water loss. So, when … Read more

What is ANCOVA (2/3)? How to interpret Parameter Estimates

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Previous post□ What is ANCOVA (1/3)? The basic concept In previous post, I explained how to interpret ANCOVA table (red box in below tables). In this post, I’ll explain how to interpret Parameter Estimates (blue box in below table) in ANCOVA analysis. Let’s check the ‘Parameter Estimates’ table. Most statistical programs set up one level of … Read more

What is ANCOVA (1/3)? The basic concept

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Today, I will explain Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). ANCOVA is a statistical technique that involves including covariates, which are additional variables that may impact the dependent variable (y) in addition to the independent variable (x). I have a dataset as shown below, and I would like to analyze crop yield based on different fertilizer types … Read more

What is ANCOVA (3/3)? The common slope and adjusted mean

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Previous post□ What is ANCOVA (1/3)? The basic concept□ What is ANCOVA (2/3)? How to interpret Parameter Estimates In the previous posts, I explained the basic concept of ANCOVA and how to interpret statistical results. Now, I will discuss the most important concept that is not commonly mentioned. The statistical program provided the following model in … Read more

Current corn stage at Guelph in Ontario, Canada

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Sowing date: 12/05/2022 Today: 28/06/2022 (61 days from sowing) Current stage: V7-V8 Site: Guelph, Ontario, Canada Today is 61 days from sowing corn in Guelph. The current stage of corn is between V7 and V8. From now on, the demand of nitrogen in corn will be increased. Therefore, it would be important to track down … Read more